Essay about PHI103 Week 1 Media Quiz

Exposition about PHI103 Week 1 Media Quiz Exposition about PHI103 Week 1 Media Quiz Evaluating Summary These are the consequently figured aftereffects of your test. Evaluations for paper questions, and remarks from your teacher, are in the Subtleties segment beneath. Date Taken: 6/7/2015 Time Spent: 28 min , 21 secs Focuses Received: 8/10 (80%) Question Type: # Of Questions: # Correct: Valid/False 1 1 Different Choice 9 7 Evaluation Details - All Questions Question 1. Question : The term used to depict introducing things from a particular viewpoint while not giving a lot of consideration to different perspectives. Understudy Answer: Subjectivity Commercials Personal stake Inclination Nothing unless there are other options Educator Explanation: The appropriate response can be found in the video Credibility †Critical Thinking. Focuses Received: 1 of 1 Remarks: Question 2. Question : As indicated by West, one of the essential inquiries that one can use to situate oneself corresponding to the quest for reasoning is the accompanying: Understudy Answer: How might I discover reality? What is the idea of the real world? How might I figure out how incredible? How might I be cheerful? The entirety of the abovementioned? Teacher Explanation: The appropriate response can be found in the video Examined Life: Cornel West on Truth. Focuses Received: 1 of 1 Remarks: Question 3. Question : Plato bans this instrument in the Republic. Understudy Answer: Lyre Woodwind Horn Gong Nothing unless there are other options Educator Explanation: The appropriate response can be found in the video Examined Life: Cornel West on Truth. Focuses Received: 1 of 1 Remarks: Question 4. Question : West’s blues start with concordance. Understudy Answer: Valid Bogus Teacher Explanation: The appropriate response can be found in the video Examined Life: Cornel West on Truth. Focuses Received: 1 of 1 Remarks: Question 5. Question : As per West, the quest for thought and reasoning takes this: Understudy Answer: Morals Pardoning Liberality Mental fortitude Nothing from what was just mentioned Teacher Explanation: The appropriate response can be found in the video Examined Life: Cornel West on Truth. Focuses Received: 1 of 1 Remarks: Question 6. Question : In the validity video, Edith Thompson slaughtered her better half by: Understudy Answer: Harming him Taking care of him a ground up light She wounded him She shot him She didn’t murder him Educator Explanation: The appropriate response can be found in the video Credibility †Critical Thinking. Focuses Received: 1 of 1 Remarks: Question 7. Question : The subject of the video This is Water By David Foster Wallace is best caught in which of the accompanying explanations? Understudy Answer: Day by day schedules for grown-ups are exhausting and baffling. School grants information that we can use to propel our lives. There is

Reason for Seeking a College Degree Essay

The motivation behind this paper is to talk about why I decided to look for a higher education, my learning style as found by the consequences of polls, and the way that I feel the outcomes are precise for me by and by. Everybody has their own individual explanations behind seeking after a higher education. For me, it is the longing to turn into a state Game Warden subsequent to resigning from the military. Being a state Game Warden necessitates that I have a degree in the natural or untamed life sciences. In a calling this way, it is significant that one has an unmistakable and compact comprehension of natural life science at a university level. To be a reasonable applicant in this calling, an advanced education is important to introduce myself as a serious individual for the activity I am looking to fill. Regardless of whether I have hands on preparing or experience, the advanced education will show that I have the information base to enable me to prevail as a superintendent. The ultimate objective in my quest for an advanced education is to not just widen my extent of information and abilities, yet to open vocation goals that would somehow be unreachable for me without a degree. Yet, before I put things in the wrong order, graduating with degree close by requires I genuinely know myself all around. Fundamentally I have to comprehend what my own realizing style is. Learning styles are not actually picked, they are regular and innate to every student. As per Felder and Soloman (n. d. ) there are a few distinctive learning styles: Active, Reflective, Visual, Auditory, Tactile, Sensing, Intuitive, Verbal, Sequential and Global. To discover what sort of student you are, a basic survey or test can be brought to limit these choices down. In taking Felder and Soloman’s Index of Learning Styles Questionnaire (n. d.) and the Learning Style Inventory (Penn State, 2010) poll, I have found that I am a functioning student and a visual student. A functioning student is one who inclines toward deciphering, fathoming, and holding data in a â€Å"hands on† or dynamic design. At the end of the day they talk about or apply and disclose the data to other people (Felder and Soloman, n. d. ). The degree program I am tried out is on the web; which presents me with difficulties and challenges in utilizing the dynamic learning style that I typically depend upon. An option in contrast to dynamic learning for me is visual, which will work well for me in light of the fact that online course material is something I can see to decipher and hold. Visual students are the individuals who assimilate and keep up data effectively through techniques, for example, outlines, charts, pictures, movies or shows (Felder and Soloman, n. d. ). Recommendations for progress as a visual student incorporate composition out thoughts and data for remembrance and completely using all course materials, regardless of whether they are maps, cheat sheets, outlines or filmstrips (Penn State, 2010). I am somebody who consistently peruses the bearings before finishing any assignment, consequently this fits me consummately. I completely concur with the consequences of these surveys. I am a specialist somebody who works all day every day with my hands. The things I am attempting to achieve or make sense of expect me to understand messages, graphs and pictures and take care of the issue utilizing these assets. I likewise talk about and apply the data found with the individuals who are experts of the technician calling. My purposes behind looking for a professional education are straightforward. I have to hold at least at Bachelor’s in the natural life or organic sciences to arrive at my objective of being a state Game Warden after retirement from the military. To be fruitful in this implies I comprehend I am a visual and dynamic student, as acknowledged in the wake of taking the learning styles surveys. References Felder, R. M. , and Soloman, B. A. (n. d. ). List of learning styles. Recovered from http://www. engr. ncsu. edu/learningstyles/ilsweb. html Penn State. (2010). Learning style stock. Recovered from http://www. individual. psu. edu/bxb11/LSI/LSI/htm.

How to Register a Trademark A Step-By-Step Process

How to Register a Trademark A Step-By-Step Process Many businesses are under the impression that, once they have registered their business and obtained a license to operate, they are all set and all that’s left to do is to sell their products or services and start earning money. They miss other salient points, and one of them is the trademark. © Shutterstock.com | Rawpixel.comIn this article, you will learn about 1) a  trademark overview and 2) the trademark registration process.TRADEMARK OVERVIEWA trademark is any name, word, phrase, logo, design or symbol that businesses and companies use to assign an identity or distinguishing feature for their goods or products, effectively setting them apart from those of other manufacturers or sellers. The trademark instantly brings about recognition to any customer that sees it. The moment they spot the trademark, they will be able to immediately identify what product it is and, more importantly for businesses, who made it. Essentially, the trademark is the brand name of a company.Physical products or goods make use of trademarks, while service providers have their own respective service marks. They are clearly distinguished from patent, which are meant to protect inventions, and copyrights, which are for the protection of original literary or artistic works.The trademarks that bus inesses eventually decide on must be protected, so that no one else will claim and use them. That is why there is a need to register the trademark with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).Businesses with trademarks duly registered with the USPTO will have the following privileges and benefits:Public notice of the business’ claim of ownership of the trademark or service mark;Legal presumption of the business’ ownership of the mark;Exclusive right to use the trademark in the United States and all other countries where the products or services will be sold;Right and ability to bring an action in federal court on any matter concerning the mark;Right to use the federal registration symbol in their product labels; andInclusion in the listings or databases of the USPTO.Registration of a trademark does not make ownership of the mark permanent. There is a need to maintain it. The registration will remain valid as long as all post-registration maintenance documents are f iled and submitted on a timely basis.THE TRADEMARK REGISTRATION PROCESSRegistering a trademark sounds like a daunting and complicated task. And it is, if you do not know how to go about it. Let us walk you through every step of the process, and you will realize that it should not be all that complicated.To simplify things, we will break the entire process down into four phases: Pre-registration, Mark Selection, the Application Form, Evaluation, until you get the verdict on your application.Phase 1: Pre-RegistrationOnce you have set up your business, you may have decided to immediately register a trademark. Before doing that, however, there are several questions or considerations that must be addressed.Is a trademark truly what you need? As mentioned earlier, trademark is meant for the protection of physical goods or services. Thus, only companies that manufacture or sell physical goods or provide services are eligible to apply for a trademark. Inventions, literary works, composition s and other types of original art are not covered.Do you need to register a trademark, or will your business name suffice? There are instances where having a registered business name will be enough to identify the company or the products and their source. You may also need to look up local rules and statutes on the registration of business names and see if this is allowed.If the answer to the two questions is affirmative, you can move on to the next phase.Phase 2: Mark SelectionThe first thing you have to do before you can apply for a trademark is to select the mark that you will use. This is actually the most difficult part of the process, since selecting a mark must be done with a lot of thought, and several considerations coming into play.First, you have to see if the mark that you want to register is eligible for registration for trademark protection. Is it “registerable”?There are two basic requirements that will make a mark eligible:The mark must be used in commerce. Marks meant for personal use, not business, are not registrable for trademark protection. Commerce, in this context, includes territorial commerce (selling of goods and/or services within the state only), interstate commerce (selling of goods and/or services across state lines), and commerce between the US and foreign counties.The mark must be distinctive or unique. This is so that it can identify and distinguish particular goods or services as produced or provided by one source, and not by anyone else.There are four categories of distinctiveness that the mark may fall under:Arbitrary or fanciful â€" the mark is inherently distinctive. The exclusive rights to the trademark are going to be determined as to priority of use.Suggestive â€" trademarks under this category are treated the same way as those under arbitrary/fanciful.Descriptive â€" trademarks under this category are only eligible for protection if they have already acquired a secondary meaning in the minds and perceptions of the public, particularly the consumers.Generic â€" these trademarks are never going to be protectable, or entitled to trademark protection, since they do not indicate a unique source for the product or service. Instead, they refer to a general class of goods or services.The second thing to consider is whether the mark that you have selected is strong enough on its own, and if the business will not have a difficult time protecting it.When selecting a mark, consider the following:Format of the mark: The mark format could be a standard character, a design, or even a sound. It could even be a combination of several types of marks. Here are some of the more common types of marks.Word marks are “standard character drawings”, where Latin characters are used for the letters and Roman or Arabic numerals are used for numbers. It may also occasionally contain common punctuation marks. Examples include the trademarks of Facebook, SONY, PHILIPS and SUBWAY.Design marks are stylized wordings or de sign, or a combination of both. When submitted for consideration, it must be in .jpg file format and scanned at 300 to 350 dots per inch. It should be between 250 to 944 pixels long and 250 to 944 pixels wide â€" no more, no less. Examples are the stylized texts for Coca-Cola and Disney.Color marks are slightly more difficult to be registered, since there is a need to submit substantial proof of “acquired distinctiveness”, as well as the logo rendered in color. There should also be a color claim naming the colors featured in the trademark, and where the said colors appear in the overall design of the mark.Shape marks show the three-dimensional configuration or the shape or design of the product. Examples include the SHELL logo, the Coca Cola bottle.Sound marks require submission of the file in various audio formats, such as .wav, .wmv, .wma, .mp3, .avi or .mpg. Audio files should not be more than 5MB and video files have a maximum file size of 30MB. The application must be accom panied by a detailed description of the sound. Examples include the T-Mobile ring tone or the ATT sound mark.Goods or services that that mark will be applied to: There is a need to clearly identify what products will be using the trademark, or what service will the service mark be applied to.Availability of the mark: This requires obtaining clearance of the mark for use. The purpose of this step is to minimize or eliminate altogether any possible confusion or redundancy brought about by incidences where the same mark has already been registered and is currently in use.This entails conducting an analysis of all trademarks that are registered with the USPTO, as well as the trademark registries in all the 50 states of the United States. If the product or service is also expected to be sold in countries outside the US, there is a need to check the trademark registries of the countries concerned. You may perform a search on USPTO’s Trademark Electronic Search System (TESS) â€" this is free of charge â€" or by personally heading to the Trademark Public Search Library in Alexandria. This is also free.Phase 3: The Application FormOnce you have selected a mark, you must identify your filing basis. There are two bases for you to choose from:“use in commerce”: This basis is for marks that have already been used, or are currently in use. Proof must be provided on the use of the trademark.“intent to use”: This is for marks that have not been used in business yet, but are planned to be used in the future.Now you are ready to prepare your application.Initial application forms are available in the official website of the USPTO (http://www.uspto.gov). The USPTO offers the Trademark Electronic Application System (TEAS), which allows applications to file their application directly online. Applicants may access the system and fill up the electronic forms through their own internet connection, or they can go to any Patent and Trademark Resource Center (PTRC) near their l ocation to do so.Those who do not have internet access may opt to file on paper, with a processing fee of $375 for each class of goods or services.To obtain a filing date, make sure that you comply with all the requirements when preparing your application form. Currently, USPTO has three application filing options available, each with their own corresponding processing fees.TEAS Regular: For each class of goods and/or services stated in the application, a filing fee of $325 must be paid. A filing date will be issued to the applicant if the submitted form contains the following:Name of the applicantAddress of the applicant (for correspondence purposes)A clear drawing or representation of the mark selectedA complete listing of goods and/or services of the businessA filing fee for at least one class of goods and/or servicesTEAS Plus: This option is considered to be the one with the most stringent requirements. Applicants have to pay a filing fee of $225 for each class of goods or servi ces. Aside from the minimum requirements, there are additional requirements that must be met by the applicant.TEAS Reduced Fee: The filing fee for TEAS RF applications is $275 for each class of goods or services. It is especially meant to promote processing and communication done purely electronically.Take note that filing an application does not automatically mean the trademark will be registered. In the event that the registration is unsuccessful, the fees paid will not be refunded.Aside from the processing fees stated above, there are other fees that may be required from applicants. For example, applicants that do not meet the filing requirements under TEAS Plus or TEAS RF will have to pay $50 per class of goods or services. You may refer to the Trademark Fees in the USPTO website for a more complete list of the possible fees to be paid.The various methods of payment for the abovementioned trademark fees are the following:USPTO Deposit Accounts, which can be established and subse quently maintained, for a corresponding fee.Credit Cards. Payments may be made using American Express, Discover, MasterCard and VISA.Electronic Funds Transfer may be done for those who have a U.S. bank account.Money orders or checks. They must be made payable to the “Director of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office”.Phase 4: Evaluation Period to VerdictThis phase involves examination of the application, publication in the Official Gazette, and issuance of a certificate of registration.Vigilance is a must during the period following the submission of application. Monitoring is done through checking the Trademark Status and Document Retrieval (TSDR) System every 3 to 4 months.Your application will be forwarded to an examining attorney, who will be responsible for its complete and final review. It is important that you extend complete cooperation with the examining attorney assigned by the USPTO to your application.In the event that he finds grounds to refuse the registration of yo ur trademark, he will issue an Office Action explaining the reasons thereof. He may also contact that applicant directly if there are corrections or deficiencies of a minor nature that must be rectified.The Office Action must be acted upon by the applicant within 6 months from the date it was mailed by the USPTO examining attorney. No action taken means that the applicant has already given up on the application for trademark registration.Now here is a question on most everyone’s minds: how long does it take for the examination to be completed? It may take several months up to a year. It usually takes around 12 months for the examination to be completed and the registration to be issued, and this is when there are no problems with the application. It may take even longer if there are issues, such as incomplete supporting documents, or certain oppositions to the application.If there are no issues with the application, the examining attorney will now signify his approval of the mark. Approval of the mark by the examining attorney is first manifested through publication in the weekly publication of USPTO, the “Official Gazette”, after duly informing the applicant of the fact. A period of 30 days from the date of publication is provided for any party to come forward with their concerns or oppositions to the mark.If there is an opposition, the proceedings will be taken to the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board. If not, the USPTO will now register the mark. The applicant, who is now the rightful owner of the mark, will be given a certificate of registration signifying the fact.That does not end there, however. The new owner of the registered mark has to file certain documents to maintain the registration and keep it alive.Finally, here are some additional tips to guide you when you are filling up the application form:All the fields are mandatory, so do not leave any blank fields. Make sure the application form is “completely” filled up, with all the requested information provided. This is to reduce delays.Make sure you have a valid and active e-mail address. To prevent USPTO correspondence from being redirected to your Outbox or Spam, do not forget to include USPTO as one of your authorized e-mail senders.The USPTO does not really require that you use an attorney to represent you when applying for a trademark registration. However, they are not against it either. In case you opt to acquire the services of an attorney, take note that the USPTO allows only attorneys licensed to practice law in the US. They must also be a member in good standing of the state’s highest court.

Catcher Rye And Perfect Day For Bananafish - 1562 Words

The Catcher in The Rye and Perfect Day For Bananafish In â€Å"The Catcher in the Rye†,by J.D Salinger, Holden Caulfield, a troubled 16 year old boy who constantly gets kicked out of every school takes it upon himself to become â€Å"The Catcher in the Rye†, in reality not being real occupation but an idea he chose to adopt for himself after he heard a little boy singing in the street. The catcher in the Rye can be described in Holden’s perspective as a person, almost like a hero that helps children in the attempt to keep their innocence. â€Å" Thousands of little kids, and nobody’s around- nobody big, I mean-except me .And i’m standing on the edge of some crazy cliff. What I have to do , I have to catch everybody if they start to go over the†¦show more content†¦Fantasising a lot about sex is one of Holden’s hobbies which is why he thinks he’s a sex maniac, but what he seeks for is a type of authentic love that cannot be ac accomplished by sleeping with random girls he feels nothing for which is why he never got around to losing his innocence.â€Å"If you want to know the truth,I’m a virgin.I really am.I’ve had quite a few opportunities to lose my virginity and all, but i’ve never gotten around to it yet,something always happens†...â€Å"If you want to know the truth,I’m a virgin.I really am.I’ve had quite a few opportunities to lose my virginity and all, but i’ve never gotten around to it yet.something always happens†(J.D Salinger, p.92) . Also another part of why Holden may be holding back on his chances is the death of his brother Allie which leaves an empty space that Holden seeks love to complete which ties back to not wanting to do it with anyone he doesn’t completely love. Immediately after hearing a little boy sing â€Å"If a body catch a body coming through the rye†(J.D Salinger,ch.16) Holden wants to become the catcher in the rye because his weakness seem to be children in a non pedophilic way in that he wants to protect them from what he has already been corrupted with . Phoebe, also being Holden’s little sister can also be a reason why he becomesShow MoreRelatedDeath Of A Salesman Analysis1351 Words   |  6 Pagesexpectations and start focusing on himself. Biff is finally able to break free of the mental burden of trying to fit Willy’s definition of success, resolving his internal conflict. In addition to Biff, Holden in The Catcher in the Rye and Seymour Glass in A Perfect Day For Bananafish, also express their own crises of meaning and the different ways in which they resolve them. Biff’s crisis of meaning, in Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman, stems from the idea of success that his father, Willy, hadRead MoreThe Story of J.D. Salinger2489 Words   |  10 PagesThe Story of J. D. Salinger J. D. Salinger became one of the most popular and known American authors in America today. Up to this day students from all over the country have read and purchased the novel â€Å"The Catcher in the Rye† which was a novel that was not so long ago controversial due to vulgar language, sexual references, and unacceptable behavior; parents were concerned that J. D. Salinger’s novel was going to influence their children. Salinger was one of many authors that stood out moreRead MoreSummary Of The Great Gatsby By F. Salinger904 Words   |  4 PagesWorld War II, was born on January 1, 1919 in New York City. Little is known about his early life except for his education. He attended schools on the upper west side of Manhattan, which would later be the setting of his most famous novel, The Catcher in the Rye. After flunking out of several prep schools, including McBurney’s, his parents sent him to Valley Forge Military Academy. At Valley Forge he maintained average grades and was involved in several clubs and organizations, many of which had toRead More Jd Salinger Essay772 Words   |  4 Pageswere drawn from his war experiences. During the late 1940s he published work in Mademoiselle, Cosmopolitan, and The New Yorker. At the age of 31, Salinger gained a major place in American fiction with the publication of his only novel, The Catcher in the Rye. The book quickly earned a reputation as a quintessential American coming-of-age tale. In the early 1960s, Salinger virtually stopped writing for publication and disappeared from public view into his rural New Hampshire home. In an interviewRead MoreJ.b. Salinger s A Perfect Day For Bananafish 1714 Words   |  7 PagesThe next year he trained in England, joined the American Army’s Fourth Division, and landed at Utah Beach on D-Day. He then served in five European campaigns as Security Agent for the Twelfth Infantry Regiment. After the war he started his writing career back up for the New Yorker. Some of his most popular stories include his first story for The New Yorker, A Perfect Day for Bananafish which is about the suicide of a veteran and For Esmà © With Love and Squalor which describes a U.S. soldier sRead MoreJD Salinger Research Paper167 1 Words   |  7 Pages Jerome David Salinger, also known as J. D. Salinger, is a fascinating author best known for his novel, Catcher in the Rye. Although Salinger only published one novel, he wrote several short stories for magazines like The New Yorker and Story. A large number of these stories went on to be compiled into books such as Nine Stories, Franny and Zooey, and Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpenters and Seymour: An Introduction. Despite the fact Salinger has not published any stories in over 45 years, his reputationRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger507 Words   |  2 Pagesin many of his books have an innocence that Salinger grasps onto and makes adults corrupt. Also, he shows how children are teachers to adults but can still be foolish. Purity in children are expressed throughout many stories by Salinger. In Catcher In the Rye, Holden repeatedly expressed â€Å"Did you ask her if she still keeps all her kings in back row?†(42). He kept the idea of purity with jane(the girl he asked about) and only saw her as still a child and not as a teenage girl already having sex. TheRead More The Writings of J.D. Salinger Essay1513 Words   |  7 PagesUniversity where he decided to become a writer. Salinger published short story collections and one novel. His best known work, The Catcher in the Rye, was published in 1951. The short stories he wrote were Nine Stories in 1953, Franny and Zooey in 1961, Raise High the Roofbeams, Carpenters and Seymour: An Introduction in 1963, Young Folk in 1940 and A Perfect Day for Bananafish in 1948. Many critics have considered J.D. Salinger a very controversial writer because of the subject matters he wroteRead More Mysterious ways of J.D. Salinger Essay1582 Words   |  7 Pagesin 1 945 (French xiii ). His first book was then published six years later in 1951 (French xiv). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;I think that the most important and interesting factors of Salinger life happened after 1951 with the publishing of Catcher in the Rye. It wasn’t until this point in the writers life that he really started to feel the all the criticism rush in. This is what I feel, along with all the deception that started to come in convinced him to move to Cornish, New Hampshire only twoRead MoreSummary Of Salinger s The Doctrine Of Love 1994 Words   |  8 PagesShort Story Analysis Paper The majority of his works, J.D. Salinger has implemented many replicated themes. Love is possibly the most prevalent throughout all of his writings and is displayed in such works as â€Å"A Perfect Day for Bananafish,† â€Å"The Laughing Man,† â€Å"For Esme—With Love and Squalor,† â€Å"Pretty Mouth and Green My Eyes,† â€Å"Teddy,† and â€Å"Uncle Wiggly in Connecticut.† Salinger uses the element of Love to bring about more meaning in the stories and depth to the each of their plots, and does so

The Threat Of Homeland Security - 1035 Words

Homeland Security was created to protect not only the persons living and infrastructures within the U.S. but outside as well. Though its existence, homeland security has done a spectacular job due to the fact that the country is still standing. There are many persons and countries that would love to see America fall flat on its face. Through corrective policy action and growth within our intelligence functions we are now as strong as we were before. Nonetheless, Homeland security may still have its flaws. In recent events, we have seen mass riots such as that in Ferguson, Mo and lone wolfs attacks in the U.S. This has caused the activation of our National Guard. The military plays a large part in overseas accomplishments and also plays a part within our borders. For military members to be utilized on U.S soil they must first be activated by way of Title 10 orders. Before this can happen, the in state governor must first place a request for military support. That request is then route d to congress for approval. Military presence is used more so in augmentation on a temporary basis until local authorities gather enough forces to disperse the situation. The military also has a larger role to play in securing our homeland. If you look up and the sky you see a lot of space with these small lines in it that streak across the sky. These are most likely our fighter jets patrolling our friendly skies. This was pivotal in the response during 9/11. Our fighters were able to shootShow MoreRelatedQuestions Witnesses At Hearing On Threats To Homeland Security860 Words   |  4 PagesPoints from Chairman McCaul Questions Witnesses at Hearing on Threats to Homeland Security With this being a small section of the overall interview a lot was played to the bear of reality of how much still needs to be learned. With the point about our nation, intellectual property, cyber warfare, and attacks on financial institutions. This was a video recording from 2013 about situations happening during that time. Not being able to see into the future of what would happen what still needs to beRead MoreDepartment Of Homeland Security : A Nation We Must Never Overlook Any Threat2403 Words   |  10 Pagesmust never overlook any threat. With groups like ISIS and other terror groups we must always be vigilant. One area where we must pay close attention is within our nation’s critical infrastructures. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has identified 16 critical infrastructure sectors. These sectors assets, systems, and networks are considered so vital to our nation that their destruction or incapacitation would cause grave harm to our national security, economic s ecurity, and public health or safetyRead MoreOverview of the US Department of Homeland Security925 Words   |  4 PagesDepartment of Homeland Security: The U.S. Department of Homeland Security was formed more than a decade ago with a very significant mission of safeguarding Americas homeland from hazards, threats, and national disasters. This department conducts its mission through securing the countrys borders, preventing terror attacks, and responding to incidents or threats to its citizens (Miller, n.d.). Generally, the most important roles of the Department of Homeland Security are to lead a concerted nationalRead MoreHomeland Security And Homeland Terrorism1206 Words   |  5 PagesHomeland security can be seen as a loosely based term as it is still a relatively new area of the United States strategy. Since its creation, post September 11, 2001, there has been a plethora of additions and revisions. The homeland mission lies not only within a specific agency, but demands collected participation from U.S. agencies and foreign entities to remain strong, efficient and innovative. One can examine homeland security as having the re sponsibility of maintaining and protecting the UnitedRead MoreHomeland Security And Homeland Defense1390 Words   |  6 Pages Many people think homeland security and homeland defense are the same thing, but that is incorrect. Both have played a role in keeping America safe, but after 9/11 that role expanded greatly. The U.S. was determined to prevent another catastrophic attack from unfolding while searching the globe for those responsible. In a world constantly evolving, our enemies and their tactics evolve with it. To effectively combat the incredible amount of threats America faces, many federal entities and missionRead MoreHomeland Security And The Security1435 Words   |  6 Pagesdefined to the point it is today. The Homeland Security Department is a fairly new program which is constantly improving and adjusting in accordance to the threats that may arise. In the attempt to secure the United States, homeland security has become paramount and a lot of emphasis is being p rovided so as to ensure the safety of the borders and the citizens of the United States. So one must ponder what the difference between homeland security and homeland defense are since they both tend to meanRead MoreWhat Role Does Risk Management Play Within The Homeland Security Enterprise?1186 Words   |  5 Pagesmanagement play within the homeland security enterprise? To answer that question we first have to examine what risk management is. Risk management is an anaclitic approach to figuring out the likelihood that an event will impact a specific assets, person, or function and then implementing steps to mitigate the impact or consequence of the event. (Decker, 2001) The Standard risk management formula that the Department of Homeland Security uses is R=T*V*C or Risk = Threat * Vulnerability * ConsequenceRead MoreHomeland Security And Homeland Defense1321 Words   |  6 Pages11, 2001 events, the United States of America gravitated towards a more aggressive approach in it s security. The result of the tragic events was the establishment of homeland security. The White House, the federal government and the Congress joined together to establish it. On September 20, 2001, President George W. Bush issued an executive order 13228 to establish an Office of Homeland Security within the White House and assigning the Governor of Pennsylvania, Tom Ridge as its Director (BullockRead MoreThe Terrorist Attack On The World Trade Center1296 Words   |  6 Pagesdirector of the nascent Office of Homeland Security†(Homeland Security past, present, future). Homeland Security is to oversee and coordinate a comprehensive national strategy to safeguard the United States against terrorism and to respond to any future attacks. â€Å"In November 2002, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) formally came into being as a standalone, Cabinet-level, department to further coordinate and unify national homeland security efforts† (Homeland Security past, presen t, future). â€Å"ThisRead MoreHomeland Security1085 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ AMERICAN MILITARY UNIVERSITY HOMELAND SECUIRTY Brittany Staley HLSS302: Paper #2 May 11, 2014 In the years since 9/11, homeland security has turn out to be frequently and generally identified as both a word and as a Federal department. However, a large amount has been learned since 9/11 concerning the array of further challenges we face. Hurricane Katrina strongly illustrates the general impact of weak preparedness and

Interpreter of Maladies Free Essays

Interpreter of Maladies by Jhumpa Lahiri Coursework activities booklet 2013 A Temporary Matter 1. Create a diagram of the orientation, complications (rising tension), climax and resolution of the story. 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Interpreter of Maladies or any similar topic only for you Order Now How do the characters overcome the narrative complications? 3. From whose perspective is the story told? Why are we denied the other point of view? Whose story is it, Shoba’s or Shukumar’s? 4. How does Lahiri give depth to the characters in the first 2 pages? 5. What evidence of tension does the reader get in the first 2 pages? 6. How have Shoba and Shukumar changed since the still birth? 7. Why do they find it so hard to communicate? Why is it so much easier in the dark? 8. List the revelations that the 2 characters reveal. Why does Shukumar tell Shoba his last revelation? 9. Why does the story end with the Bradfords walking past? 10. Although this story is based on Indian characters, is it necessarily an ‘Indian’ story? 11. How does the title refer to more than just the blackout? 12. Lahiri often gives the reader clues as to what will happen before the characters themselves are aware. What clues are given in this story? 13. Many of Lahiri’s stories use the natural world to underline a theme. How is the natural world used in this story? 14. How important is food in the story? What might it symbolise? 15. Writing task: take a section of this story and change the perspective – tell it from Shoba’s point of view. How would her perspective alter the story? 1 page Vocabulary: dissertation, superfluous, agrarian, methodically, cavernous, paprika, candelabra, bulbous, dysentery, diction When Mr. Pirzada Came to Dine 1. Who is the narrator of the story? Whose story is it? 2. This is one of the stories that deal with the immigrant experience. How do the adults in the story try to fit into American society? Answer in detail, using examples from the text. 3. Analyse the use of food and the natural world as symbols in this story. 4. What does Lilia represent for Mr Pirzada? 5. Why does Lilia keep eating the candy when Mr Pirzada leaves? Why does she eventually throw the candy away? The Pumpkin Carving: 1. Why does Mr Pirzada decide to ignore the television so they can carve the pumpkin? What does this suggest about his relationship with Lilia? 2. Why is there a close description of what Mr Pirzada is wearing, down to his opal cufflinks? Think about it in the context of wanting to be like Americans. Why then do his clothes ring false? 3. Why do the family and Mr Pirzada eagerly engage in the carving of the pumpkin? What does this suggest about their attitude towards their adoptive country? 4. What similarities are there between Mr Pirzada and the reporter on the television? What effect does this have on the reader? 5. Why does Mr Pirzada seem so competent and confident carving the pumpkin? What does this suggest about him? 6. What effect does the eventual shape and size of the Jack-o-Lantern have on the reader? Why is it important to the story that it does not look correct? 7. Why is this an important passage in the story? 8. What is the significance of Lilia teaching the adults to carve the pumpkin? Vocabulary: ascertain, autonomy, botany, compatriot, sovereignty, camphor, fez, disproportionate, haphazard, placid Mrs. Sen’s 1. Who is the narrator? Whose story is it? What advantages are there in not using the first person in this story? 2. How well has Mrs Sen adjusted to life in the USA? Is she at peace in her new life? Explain, highlighting the struggles she has faced. 3. Why did Mrs Sen insist on driving to the fish store? 4. Secrets are a recurring theme in Lahiri’s stories. What secrets are kept in this story and why? 5. What Indian traditions and customs are highlighted in this story and what is the significance of these to Mr Sen in comparison to his wife as they start their new lives in the USA? 6. Unlike other stories, Mrs Sen’s has many settings. Why do you think Lahiri has extended the settings for this story? 7. How is Elliot presented? How does life at Mrs Sen’s compare with life with his mother? Vocabulary: remnants, protuberant, flourishes, palanquins, audibly, periwinkle, quahogs, vermillion, portico, complementary Third and Final Continent . What is the relevance of the title? 2. What does ‘splendid mean and what attitude to life does it suggest? 3. Give your views of the narrator, Mala and Mrs Groft? 4. What impact does Mrs Croft have on the narrator? 5. Why are the moon landings included in the text? 6. Why is the narrator nameless? 7. What is the significance of the final passage of the story? Vocabulary: intolerable, occupancy, clamorous, perpendicular, stucco, desolate, proposition, oblivious, salutation, interlude Interpreter of Maladies 1. How is this story different to those we have read so far? 2. Narrator, food, landscape – you know the drill by now! What do they reflect and how are they important? 3. ‘†¦ it was hard to believe they were regularly responsible for anything other than themselves. ’ (pg 49) What type of parents are Mr and Mrs Das? Provide examples from the text and also comment on how Mr Kapasi sees their parenting skills. 4. What is the impact of Mr Das calling his wife ‘Mina’? 5. How is the gulf between the 2 cultures shown through the characters? What are the most obvious differences between the guide and his clients? 6. Discuss the impact of the description of the characters’ clothing. . Why has Mr Kapasi compromised his life? 8. Why does Mrs Das reveal her secret to Mr Kapasi? 9. How are Mr Kapasi and the monkeys similar in the last scene? What is symbolic about the address floating away? 10. Essay response (500 words/2 pages with quotes): ‘The stories we tell ourselves are more important than our realities . ’ Discuss Think about what this question is asking you, and then relate it to both Mr Kapasi and Mrs Das. * What stories do we tell ourselves? How do they often clash with reality? * Which story holds more sway over us? Does more important mean that it is necessarily better for us? Is it better to live with a vision of the world that is not accurate over truth and reality? Vocabulary: malady, translucent, emaciated, etymology, exorbitant, indifferent, magenta, eloquently, edifice, solemnly This Blessed House Character study: 1. Compare and contrast Twinkle and Sanjeev, using at least 3 examples for each and 3 quotations for each. (You may double bubble if you wish. ) 2. Are Twinkle and Sanjeev suited to each other? Will their marriage last? Justify your answer. 3. What have we learned about Indian marriages in the stories we have read so far? A Temporary Matter, Mrs Sen’s, Mr Pirzada, Third and Final, Blessed House. ) How successful are they? 4. How is Twinkle differ ent to the Indian characters we have met so far? Explain in detail. Extract study (Inside Stories study guide – VATE – Andrew Doyle): Sanjeev feeling he has the house to himself during the party, p 155- 157 This extract from the end of ‘This Blessed House’ is at the tail end of the party. While it displays Sanjeev’s inability to have fun and his irascibility, it does show his growing understanding of love and acceptance. The extract ends with him carrying the bust of Jesus down for Twinkle. . What does the religious iconography represent in the story? 2. Why does he want to be undisturbed? What is his desire for a quiet night really about? 3. What does the reference about the liner notes indicate about his personality? 4. Is his desire to tear down the posters about them being blasphemous or is it about something deeper? 5. What is the stated reason for not pulling the ladder up? Where is the comedy or humour in this reason? 6. What seems to be the source of his anxiety and the knotting in his neck? 7. What stops Sanjeev from going into the bedroom? What does this suggest about his feelings towards Twinkle? 8. What is the relevance of her finding the kitschiest of the objects at this point in the story? What sort of test is Sanjeev being put through by the writer? 9. List the reasons why he hates the silver bust. What do you think is the most important? Why? 10. What seems to be the consolation to having this thing he hates on the mantel? Is this consolation enough to keep him happy? 11. Why is Sanjeev careful with the feather hat? What does it show about him? 12. In what mood do you think Sanjeev leaves the story? Essay practice: 1. Making connection between people is difficult. Discuss with reference to at least 3 of the stories we have studied so far. 500 words. A Real Durwan The Treatment of Bibi Haldar 1. These 2 stories do not reflect the same issues as the other stories in the collection. Do you agree? 2. Bibi and Boori Ma are not sympathetic characters. Discuss. 3. These 2 stories show how vital it is to belong to a community. Do you agree? 4. Both of these stories could be described as fables, as they have a strong message. Discuss. 5. To be different is a curse. Discuss. . Create 10 questions for each story, in the style of the ones you have been given in the past. Vocabulary (A Real Durwan): durwan, enumerated, deportation, litanies, almari, punctilious, parapet, diaphanous, sedulous, recriminations Vocabulary (Bibi Haldar): throes, poultice, auspicious, fruitless, pallid, replenish, non sequiturs, paroxysm, propitious, imprudent Sexy 1. Create a diagram of the orientation, complicat ions (rising tension), climax and resolution of the story. 2. How do the characters overcome the narrative complications? 3. Food, landscape, narration. 4. How does Lahiri give depth to the characters in the first 4 pages? 5. What is the purpose of telling the reader Miranda and Dev are having an affair in the early stages of the story? 6. How is Miranda presented to the reader? Give examples from the text. 7. How is Dev’s personality portrayed? Use evidence from the text to support your answer. 8. What is the purpose of the explicit description of the products at Filene’s make up counter? 9. Although this is a story based on Indian characters, is it necessarily an ‘Indian’ story? Would it be more of an ‘Indian’ story if Miranda was of the same cultural background as Dev? 0. Identify the major themes in the story and provide examples from the text. 11. Why does Miranda put on the dress for the young boy? 12. Why is Rohin’s character written in such an unappealing way? Revision: character 1. Complete the attached character boxes sheets. 2. List the following categories of characters and thin k about how Lahiri presents them: * Children * Single adults * Married couples (no children) * Married couples (with children) * Older adults 3. Make a list of the characters that are similar. How could you use them to prove a point in an essay? 4. Re read Lahiri’s use of descriptive language to introduce each character. How does she convey so much information about the characters in a relatively short time? 5. Practice questions on character: a) All of the children in Lahiri’s stories are searching for an identity. Discuss. b) None of the characters in these stories are at peace. Do you agree? c) While the character’s lives remain largely unchanged, they do undergo a transformation. Do you agree? d) â€Å"They wept together for the things they now knew. † Discuss how the characters in these stories are all on a journey of self discovery. ) Many of the characters in these short stories are negotiating the hurdles of forming a new relationship. Discuss. Revision: style Short story structure: The stories fall into 2 categories: * Classic structure – orientation, complications, resolution. In these stories the characters learn more about themselves by solving a problem or overcoming an obstacle. * Observational structure – a glimpse into a moment of the character’s life, rather than a problem to be solved. In these stories we are shown how people are, they are more about character than plot. 1. Divide the stories into classic and observational. Justify your choice. 2. Do you think that this is a collection of separate and independent stories, or a story cycle, that is, stories that are united by a common character, location, pattern or set of concerns? Justify your answer. Narration: 1. Make a list of the stories’ narrators and next to that who the central character of the story actually is. Why do you think Lahiri chooses to do this? 2. What is the effect of using children as narrators? 3. What is the effect of using a narrator who is looking back at an event that has already occurred? Foreshadowing: 1. Often the reader of the short story is aware of a character’s faults or impending doom before they are. Consider the following examples: * Miranda – we know that her relationship with Dev is unlikely to work well before she does, through the fact that as soon as his wife comes back, they no longer leave the house. He also fails to call as often as he once did. (pg 93/100) * Shukumar – we realise that Shoba is preparing to leave him by the way she is dressed on their last night. (pg 20) * Bibi Haldar – is told early in the story that she will be saved by a man, which the character’s assume is a husband, when ultimately it is her son. * Think about the other stories and see if you can find any examples of foreshadowing. Descriptive language: Chapter: The Real Durwan Description| Technique| Effect| ‘†¦ brittle with sorrows, as tart as curds, and shrill enough to grate meat from a coconut. ’ (70)| Metaphor| Emphasises the harsh nature of Boori Ma’s voice, gives the reader several points of comparison in the form of the senses, taste particularly. | ‘†¦ Boori Ma could see some light spilling into the stairwell. ’ (71)| Metaphor| Gives the lights a quality that it doesn’t actually posses, that of movement. The reader has the impression of the light coming in a gush, quickly. | ‘Boori Ma’s mouth is full of ashes†¦ (72)| Metaphor| Implies that Boori Ma’s words are not true, that her history (refugee of Partition) is up in flames, now ashes. | ‘†¦ our mosquito nets were as soft as silk. ’ (74)| Simile| Compares the nets to silk to show the reader how luxurious Boori Ma’s former life was. | ‘†¦ wha t burned like peppers across her thinning scalp and skin†¦ ’ (75)| Simile| Compares the sensation on her back with that of the heat of peppers. This gives the reader a sense (taste, touch) so as to empathise with the character. | ‘It (the rain) came slapping across the roof like a boy in slippers too big for him†¦ (75)| Personification/Simile| The rain is give a quality of a human initially (slapping) to emphasise how heavy and sudden the rain is. Then it is compared to the sound of slippers to help the reader imagine the sound more accurately. | ‘†¦ she knew her quilts were turning into yoghurt. ’ (76)| Metaphor| The rain is making her quilts soggy, the same consistency as yoghurt. | * Create your own table for another 3 of the stories in the collection. Symbolism and iconography Lahiri uses symbols and iconography to enhance the meaning of her stories. Think about the following symbols and what they represent: Symbol| Stories| Examples| Food| | | Natural landscape| | | Clothing| | | Housing| | | She also uses a particular icon attached to a character to reinforce her point. How do these icons reflect the character’s personalities? Story/Character| Icon| Meaning| This Blessed House/Sanjeev| Liner notes| | A Temporary Matter/Shoba| Coloured pens| | Mrs Sen’s/Mrs Sen| The knife| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Practice SAC questions for style/structure: 1. Jhumpa Lahiri uses metaphors and symbols to enhance the point of the stories. Discuss with reference to at least 3 stories in Interpreter of Maladies. . The stories are quite clearly related through a common theme. Do you agree? 3. What are the advantages of Lahiri using children as narrators? 4. Lahiri often sets up contrasts between characters and situations to show the universal nature of humans. Discuss. 5. How does the imagery from the natural world influence these stories? Revision: themes 1 . Theme pages. Make a page in your book for each of the following themes: * Loneliness * Belonging * The migrant experience * Marriage * Identity * Human contact/connections Now brainstorm everything you can think of about that theme. Create a table: Theme| Evidence in the stories| Relevant quotes| | | | Character: Mr Pirzada Physical description| | History| | Personality traits| | Audience impact| | Quotations| | Character: Bibi Haldar Physical description| | History| | Personality traits| | Audience impact| | Quotations| | Character: Boori Ma Physical description| | History| | Personality traits| | Audience impact| | Quotations| | Characters: Shukumar and Shoba Physical description| | | History| | | Personality traits| | | Audience impact| | | Quotations| | | Character: Mrs Das and Mr Kapasi Physical description| | | History| | | Personality traits| | | Audience impact| | | Quotations| | | Character: Mrs Sen Physical description| | History| | Personality traits| | Audience impact| | Quotations| | Characters: Twinkle and Sanjeev Physical description| | | History| | | Personality traits| | | Audience impact| | | Quotations| | | Characters: Miranda and Dev Physical description| | | History| | | Personality traits| | | Audience impact| | | Quotations| | | Characters: Narrator and Mrs Croft Physical description| | | History| | | Personality traits| | | Audience impact| | | Quotations| | | How to cite Interpreter of Maladies, Papers Interpreter of maladies Free Essays From the very beginning of the story the narrator depicts a very burdensome life. After leaving his homeland of India, he describes the first place he lived In London as: â€Å"a house occupied entirely of penniless Bengali Bachelors Like [himself], at least a dozen and sometimes more and all struggling to educate and establish ourselves abroad†(Lair 173). This is the perfect example of the narrator’s determination to be successful in life and also the major hardships he will have to endure. We will write a custom essay sample on Interpreter of maladies or any similar topic only for you Order Now This also portrays how the narrator accepts and is aware of his inevitable transformation through education and hardships. He knows that his struggles will eventually lead to the ultimate achievement of revealing over three continents. After surviving on the bare minimum in London for about flee years the narrator is offered a fulfillment job in America at the prestigious MIT, which will be his third continental move. Before he sets off abroad he must go back to Calcutta to fulfill an Indian tradition of an arranged marriage. The narrator sees his marriage as Just another mundane chore and focuses instead on adjusting to his new life as an Indian immigrant In America. While he waits for his new wife’s green card he looks for a cheap room to rent, which Is where he meets the first American he truly admires. Mrs.. Croft is first portrayed as an insignificant ranting old crippled woman that lives alone and rents out rooms, but when her age is revealed, the narrators whole perspective changes; after all he had assumed that she was only in her eighties. She then becomes a special and memorable person to him because he is absolutely astonished and Impressed that a one-hundred and three year old woman could still more or less be Independent or even coherent for that matter. This Is due to the fact that he mentions his own mother completely falling apart after his father passed away. He goes so far as to say: â€Å"What pained me the most was to see her so unguarded, to hear her burp after meals or expel gas in front of company without the slightest embarrassment† (Lair 1 87 ). Seeing a widow like Mrs.. Croft so bold and quick-witted, yet so fragile, was refreshing and positively inspiring to him. The way he acknowledges her life, â€Å"As vigorous as her voice was, and imperious as she seemed, I knew that even a scratch or a cough could kill a person that old, each day she lived, I knew, was something of a miracle† (Lair 188). The significance of this quote shows that Mrs.. Croft was a big contribution to the narrators realization of an ever changing world where adaptation is the key to survival. As the the narrator waits the six weeks for his wife to arrive he is more than happy to make It a routine to simply sit down next to Mrs.. Croft each night and give her a little of his company. He feels compelled to do more but being of no relation he Crofts and find an apartment suitable for two people. It is peculiar that he not exactly anxious for his wife to Join him in America. He refers to her arrival as â€Å"the arrival of a coming month, or season – something inevitable, but meaningless at the same mime† (Lair 189). These are his feelings in the beginning when he only knew his wife for a mere five days. Once she is there she makes an effort as a dutiful wife by sprucing up the In conclusion the narrator encounters an internal conflict, he slowly becomes an Americanizes Indian with attempts to maintain his original Indian culture. His conflict comes to a head when speaking of his son because it is clear that he is afraid that his son will abandon their Indian traditions. A prime example is the following quote: â€Å"So we drive to Cambridge to visit him, or bring him home for a keen, so that he can eat rice with us with his hands, and speak in Bengali, things we sometimes worry he will no longer do after we die†(Lair 197). His attempt at being the modern American occurs when he tells his wife that she does not have to wear her sari all the time, â€Å"There is no need to cover your head, â€Å"l said. † I don’t mind. It doesn’t matter here† (Lair 192). Another example is when the narrator tries to retain his original traditions by eating egg curry and walking barefoot throughout his house. Egg curry seems to be the one thing the narrator holds onto which is obvious because he cooks egg curry in all three continents. How to cite Interpreter of maladies, Papers

The Nature Of Ethics Essays - Reincarnation, Shabda,

The Nature Of Ethics The Nature of Ethics When asking the question about the nature of ethics, it is hard to explain where they came from because not everyone has the same views or religions. Since religions have different standards, there are different sources to them and different reasons for why people should follow them. When trying to find answers to questions about the nature of ethics, it is impossible to know which religions view is correct. This paper will discuss the different views on the nature of ethics of three major religions: Hinduism, Christianity, and Buddhism. Before trying to explain ethics in Hinduism, one must first know the basic beliefs in it. The ultimate goal for Hindus is to achieve Moksha, which is basically stopping the cycle of reincarnation and ceasing to exist. Hindus also believe in Samsara, which means that the present life is the result of previous existences bound by the law of Karma (Exploring Religious Meaning, 198). Karma is basically the notion that what one does in their present lifetime determines how he/she will live in their next lifetime. Hindus believe in reincarnation, so death is basically another part of the endless cycle of rebirths. Some compare Karma to the cycle of growth in crops. According to Katha Upanishad, Like corn, man ripens and falls to the ground; like corn he springs up again in his season (Burke, 22). As to what ethical principles or standards of behavior Hindus govern their lives around depends on the person. Since most believe in Karma, they tend to live their lives in manner that they feel they will be rewarded in their next life. It is said that a Hindu that is born into a low caste has been punished through the Law of Karma for something that they did in a previous life. Those who are born into a prosperous family are being rewarded through the Law of Karma because of the good they did in a previous life. How a Hindu governs their lives also depends on which of the three Margas (paths to achieve Moksha) that they choose to follow. Jnana Marga is the path of knowledge, Karma Marga is the path of action, and Bhakti Marga is the path of devotion. Depending on which marga a Hindu follows, dictates how that person lives their life. If a Hindu does not follow the standards of his religion, he will be punished. He wouldnt be punished in the sense of heaven or hell though like in Christianity. Since Hindus believe in Karma, their next life will reflect how they live their previous life. He would probably be born into a lower caste and will suffer a lot in his lifetime. Buddhism It is necessary to explain Buddhisms background before trying to explain its ethics. Siddhartha Gautama is the person who is most revered in the Buddhist religion. As a child, he was kept from seeing/learning about many of the harsh realities in the world. According to Exploring Religious Meaning, As a young man he ventured forth into that world only to discover and be staggered by the knowledge of extreme human suffering, disease, and death. Resolved to find answers to these realities of the human condition, he began a quest (Exploring Religious Meaning, 57-58). After six years on his quest, he was still unsatisfied. He then sat under the Bodhi Tree (the Tree of Wisdom) to meditate, determined not to leave until he had found a solution to the riddle of existence and human suffering. According to Exploring Religious Meaning, Tradition says that during this life and death meditation, he received illumination. Thereafter he was called Buddha, the Enlightened One (Exploring Religious Me aning, 58). During his meditation, Buddha came to realize many things. He concluded that the reason for rebirth is that it is in the normal order of life. He came to realize that the reason for rebirth is because of the law of Karma. Buddha said that those who lead evil lives in deed, word, and thought are reborn in a state of misery and suffering and those who live good lives are reborn in a happy state (Exploring Religious Meaning, 58). He also came to realize what the (Buddhist) understanding of

How the Beatles Compare and Contrast Politics and Religion Essays

How the Beatles Compare and Contrast Politics and Religion Essays How the Beatles Compare and Contrast Politics and Religion Essay How the Beatles Compare and Contrast Politics and Religion Essay Apart from their musical success, The Battles were actively involved in Politics and Religion Thered never been anything like the Battles who were about music but also about something more far-reaching (McCarty, 2004 in Turner, 2006: 1). Notably, John Lennox was more involved with Politics than the other members of the group; likewise George Harrison was profusely more involved with religion. This essay seeks to explore the impact they had in the politics and religion of Britain in the sass. Although, their views on religion and politics changed time and time again, over the period of their career. Allison (2006) states in his book The Love There Thats Sleeplessness he talks about Lennox What he thought at one time is no indicator of what he thought at another. His political views, for example, were scarcely consistent (Allison 2006:53) The Battles began their musical career composing and singing songs about love which were more appealing to the youth at the time. The Battles had not started out with the thought of imparting messages to a generation. In the early days their lyric writing and grasp of social issues were the least developed of their capabilities (Turner 2006:3). However, 1966 onwards they made more lyrics with an Intellectual charge and a rebel stance questioning themselves, the world around them and the world to come. According to Turner (2006) If the Battles had a gospel, It presupposes that they believed that something was wrong with the world (Turner 2 006:8). The Battles right from an early stage opposed the system, for example they did not do very well at school, even though they had the opportunity to do so. As Turner (2006) notes, that The Battles took It upon themselves to explore the world The Battles, It seemed, went through things on behalf of their followers and then sent back their findings. They traveled the world , smoked pot ,took acid ,snorted cocaine ,lived to excess became addicted ,consulted psychics, spent millions, meditated, and then wrote their reports up in the form of songs (Turner 2006:7). They conveyed these messages very well Ana tenet Tans connecter Walt tenet Ideas most AT ten time. However, most of these social messages more often than not opposed the government and the church; this most certainly affected these institutions for example the support given by The Battles to different organizations or ideas the government were against include; the AIR, Vietnam war Millions of young people mocked pot, dropped acid, investigated Eastern religions, and marched for peace in Vietnam as a result of things the Battles did or said (Turner 2006:9). Another example given by Turner (2006) which proves this and further to discloses that the Battles also gave financial support to causes they believed in Interest in Transcendental Meditation, for example, received a tremendous boost from their corporate endorsement , and the proliferation of shaved-headed men and long-haired women singing the Hare Krishna mantra on the main streets of every major city as a direct result of the financial and moral backing their organization achieved from the Battles (Turner 2006:12). The Krishna mantra aspired to convert the West, thereby targeting John Lennox and George Harrison as disciples, again this goes to show how influential the Battles were. There are a lot of people who like us and they are influenced by us. So you know, in a small way I may be able to influence them in another direction (Harrison, 1996 in Turner, 2006:1), also in support of the former argument is AAA Urinations quote stating that The Battles had become role models for the youth of the entire Western world. Whatever the Battles did was right! Correct! Acceptable! (AAA Orientation in Turner 2006:9). In songs like the Lady Madonna and Penny Lane they questioned the society and religion. Being influential ,the government at times partnered with them to convey a message across to mainly the Youths for example in 1965,the Battles were appointed (Members of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire) MOB, although John Lennox returned it four years after receiving it in protest against the British governments involvement in the Nigeria-Bavaria War (1967-1970) . The church on the other hand did not really want the Battles to side with them or did not show that they did anyway. The youth of today are really looking for some answers the established church cant give them, their parents cant give them material things cant give them (Lennox,1967 in Turner ,2006:134) In their quest for spirituality and to get rid of the void they felt All their material dreams had been achieved so dramatically, at such an early age, that they were starting to ask themselves what was left to look forward to. Since their early teen years theyd been motivated by the possibility of wealth, fame, sex, and acclaim, but now that they had these things a fresh purpose was required (Turner 2006:15). The Battles had acquired all the wealth and fame and still felt empty and so they rebelled against the church and the government We are not only blind in ourselves, but so is the larger social body (Addison 2006:34) I nee turned towards Eastern Religion l en soullessness Ana lack AT mystery Tanat ten young hated about modernity was replicated in the church. The alliance between industry , politics and clergy. This was partly why those disenchanted by materialism tended to be more attracted to the religions of the East that showed more respect for nature and were less interested in war and the pursuit for wealth (Turners:10) ND in this manner they viewed the church and government as similar, because they shared the same views about Wealth and how to get it. The lyrics of Girl (1965) construes the idea of materialism ( the idea of working and getting material possession) but according to them that is not where fulfillment lies because they had came from a phase where they were hyper-materialists to an anti-materialist phase ,they were conveying to their fans that all that money can buy is Just not enough and blame both the political and religious establishments encourage people to work towards attaining wealth Did she understand it when they said that a man just break his back to earn his day of leisure where They being the church and the government constantly reassure people that hard work is a means to an end, the end being fulfillment and in a Christian religious context the day of leisure refers to the Sunday (the Sabbath day) It will be a sign between me and the Israelites forever, for in six days the LORD made the heavens and the earth, and on the seventh day he abstained from work and rested (Exodus 31 :17) . The West was not very keen on the leader of the Transcendental meditation movement, Maharanis Mashes Yogi they believed he was an imposter and this is another example of how the Battles rebelled against the West. They also liked the Idea of the Eastern Religion because it differed from the Western ideology l dont believe that it ends with our Western logical thoughts (McCarty, 1967 in Turner ,2006:1) as well as it not being institutionalized or because they thought it was not, they like the do it yourself notion (no authority). Turner (2006) states however that Without the use of drugs its unlikely that they would have been as receptive to the teachings of Hinduism or would have devoted so much time to learning techniques of meditation (Turner 2006:12). The lyrics of Im Only Sleeping construes that many people do not see the real meaning of life, but run around doing things they should not be doing rather than experiencing the moment. The song is also anti- materialist and according to John Lennox the notion of sleeping is getting away from the everyday material world and entering into a world of dreams (Transcendentalism) ,fantasy, spirituality. He thinks it is superior to the everyday world. Many scholars claim that the Dream world Lennox speaks of is as a result of him being high on LSI ( Lysergic Acid Thalidomide). Drugs seemed to offer new possibilities (Turner 2006:1 5)because they had acquired all they wanted and all the institutions had preached were the pursuits for happiness but they still felt empty and so turned to drug taking , once again The Battles rebelled against the government and the church where drug taking is disapproved of. A Famous critic of the Battles, youth pastor, David A. Nobel wrote two books that relate to the Battles namely Communism, Hypnotism and the Battles and Rhythm, Riots Ana Revolution winner en stated Tanat l en Battles In particular nave a special significance to the disrupter of society for their promotion of drugs, avian-garden sex and atheism he also wrote that The revolution, though sometimes veiled, is fundamentally against Christianity and Christianity moral concepts. Karl Marx sought to dethrone God before he set out to destroy capitalism (Cited in Turner 2006:23) Religion also made them participate in politics for example Georges sympathy for TMs philosophy persisted throughout his life. As late as 1992, during the General U. K. Election, he Joined the benefit concert for the Natural Law Party , a political action of TM components (Allison 2006:45) Unlike the Government, whose policies the Battles mostly opposed such as signing petitions for legalization of soft drugs e. G. Cannabis, the supposed rumor of John Lennox funding the AIR (Irish Republican Army), opposing the Vietnam war etc. The Battles did not oppose religion but the Church (western ideology) and its leaders . However, when Lennox made the statement Were more popular than Jesus now; I dont know which will go first-rock n roll or Christianity. Jesus was all right but his disciples were thick and ordinary. Its them twisting it that ruins it for e (Lennox 1966, Maureen Cleave Interview for London Evening Standard) he was misunderstood and this caused uproar in the America amongst the Christians. Paul McCarty defended him stating that Of course, John never meant to say that the Battles were literally bigger than Christ. He was only referring to the lack of attendance in church. He was actually taking a sympathetic point of view (McCarty 2004 in Turner 2006:1 5). The other Battles shared Lemons belief on religion or at least they put up a brave front. The second part of his comment Jesus was all right but his disciples were thick and ordinary.

Predicting Spanish Nouns From Verbs

Predicting Spanish Nouns From Verbs In English, it is very common for the same word to be used as both noun and verb. For example, the verb trust can also be a noun, as can the verb help. But, except with infinitives, the relationship between verb and noun isnt as straightforward. The noun form for help is ayuda, which is very close to the verb, ayudar. The same is true of trabajo (job or work as a noun) and trabajar (verb). But in the case of trust, the forms are confiar (verb) and confianza (noun). About the best that can be said is that its extremely common for nouns and verbs to share the same stem. Sometimes, as in the examples of trabajo and ayuda, the noun is made up basically of the stem with an ending that marks it as a noun (its probably just coincidence that trabajo and ayuda also have the form of a conjugated verb), while in other cases the stem is followed by a suffix, as in the case of confianza. (-Anza is a not-so-common noun suffix; the related verb is confiar means to trust.) In other words, the nouns related to verbs seem arbitrary. Here are just a few examples of some noun forms of common verbs: cantar (to sing) - el canto (song, the act of singing)decir (to say) - el dicho (saying)estar (to be) - el estado (state of being)hablar (to speak) - el habla (speech)perder (to lose) - la pà ©rdida (loss)preferir (to prefer) - la preferencia (preference)sentir (to feel) - el sentimiento (feeling)tener (to have) - la tenencia (possession)ver (to look) - la vista (vision, view) Good luck finding much of a pattern there! (In most cases, there are also other noun forms not listed above.) Clearly, there are some nouns that are derived from past participles, but its still unpredictable whether the participle will be modified (as in pà ©rdida) or which gender it will be. Keep in mind also that many Spanish infinitives can function as nouns, and some of them quite commonly so. For example, the verb poder (to be able) can be used as a noun to mean power, and saber (to know) can be used as a noun to mean knowledge. As you continue to use the language, youll learn the nouns on their own and youll no longer have to predict what they might be. Also, if you come across an unfamiliar noun (or verb), you may be able to guess its meaning if you know the related word.

SUPPLY AND DEMAND Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

SUPPLY AND DEMAND - Essay Example after awhile, as the market continues to flood with milk suppliers seeking to take chance of the soaring demand, competition among the suppliers will result in customer retention strategies such as lowered prices and better quality product. The overall supply and demand, however, will remain stable in line with this medical research finding. This is assuming that another cheaper alternative to milk, that is equally beneficial to the health of bones, is not touted by such scientific studies. Mad cow disease (bovine spongiform encephalopathy) is a transmissible, generative, deadly and slowly progressive disease of cows which is caused by a prion that can also cause brain and CNS diseases in humans who consume products and milk from these unhealthy cows. The causative agent is not removable by heating or thorough cooking and therefore in case of an outbreak of the mad cow disease, the demand and sales of local milk will take a considerable tumble (with the demand curve shifting to the left). The weak and meager supplies come from the fact of reduced productivity of sick cows and health inspection regulations. The weak demand will result in very low prices of the commodity. This is because the disease is known to progress slowly and therefore in an outbreak situation the consumer will treat with great skepticism even those who claim their cows are healthy. Assuming a trusted and health approved foreign supplier comes in with their milk; such milk will be sold at very high prices (because of scarcity of the product and other costs such as transport) (Sloman & Sutcliffe, 2003). Their product will be on high demand thus raising the need for higher supplies of the foreign brand. There will equally be increased demand and supply for milk substitutes such as almond milk which will also portend higher prices for the substitute commodities. Almond milk is a common cow (dairy) milk substitute obtained from almond. If the price of almond decreases, the consumers will go for

Morality, Ethics & Human Behavior and Determining Moral Behavior Essay

Morality, Ethics & Human Behavior and Determining Moral Behavior - Essay Example These rules are applicable for a single class of human action like political ethics, social ethics and medical ethics. Values are the set ethical ideals which are being created before developing an ethical program (ERC, 2009). A person’s value system helps to built moral beliefs, thus they are integral part of ethical system. Ethical systems are moral theories or philosophies through which one approaches toward making moral decision. These approaches are universal and can be divided into certain categories like Utilitarianism and Deontology. All these ethical systems follow rigid rules and they are highly regulated; these systems are reliable and dependable for asserting moral behavior, they reflect moral thoughts and they are logically impartial (universal), they does not have any value until and unless they are employed thus they not self-servicing. Both teleological and deontological systems are the two most common theories which provide conflicting answer regarding morality. Teleological system takes into account result of the act. Thus consequence of an action is taken into consideration while making decision, in spite of the intention behind the act. Deontological system takes nature of the act into consideration while judging an act, thus they are duty based. If intention behind a decision is morally correct, then what ever be the outcome, it will be considered as a moral decision (White,

Benefits Of Developing Conservation Strategies Environmental Sciences Essay

Benefits Of Developing Conservation Strategies Environmental Sciences Essay Increases in the human population and degradation of habitats have caused many species that were formerly common to decline to near extinction. As a result, we have become increasingly involved in attempting to preserve populations of rare or endangered species (Deborah T., 1987). Over the last two decades almost all arguments about nature conservation have involved the issue of biological diversity and ways to preserve it. These discussions culminated in the 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity and its implementation (Glowka L, 1994). The conservation of biodiversity is a vast undertaking, requiring the mobilization of existing data, huge amounts of new information, and the monitoring and management of wildlife on an unprecedented scale (Malcolm L. Hunter, 2007). The biologists are fairly skilled at looking at the big picture, at seeing forests not just trees. They understand that we cannot maintain genetic diversity without maintaining species diversity and that we cannot mainta in species without maintaining without ecosystem diversity (Malcolm L. Hunter, 2007). In addition, the size of a habitat and the number of species it can support are systematically related. Physically larger species and those living at lower latitudes or in forests or oceans are more sensitive to reduction in habitat area (Drakare S, 2006).Therefore, endangered species conservation requires many lines of inquiry to provide the evidence required for a holistic approach to conservation planning (Sutaria D 2009). Conservation biology is reforming around strategic plans that include principles, guidelines, and tools for the purpose of protecting biodiversity (M. E. Soule, 1986). Conservation biology is crisis-oriented and multi-disciplinary, including ecology, social organization, education, and other disciplines outside of biology (F. van Dyke, 2008). Preserving biodiversity is a global priority in strategic conservation plans that are designed to engage public policy and concerns affecting local, regional and global scales of communities, ecosystems, and cultures (Gascon C., 2007). Action plans identify ways of sustaining human well-being, employing natural capital, market capital, and ecosystem services (G. W. Luck, 2003). A strategy, simply defined, is a set of actions that a conservation project implements to reduce threats, capitalize on important opportunities. Examples of strategies include building the capacity of local law enforcement, educating schoolchildren about wildlife, and dev eloping alternative livelihood options such as ecotourism. One could say that the conservation of endangered species to be effective, both biological and social elements of the conservation process must be considered as a basic for minimizing threats (Beasley L. 2007). This essay will discusses about evaluating the conservation costs and benefits of developing conservation strategies focusing on species, then habitats and finally on the resources. Biological species tigers, butterflies, trees, frogs, whales, and so on are integral to nature; they are the players on the stage; species and their interrelationships, including the relationship to people. Many of the closest relationships human beings have established with nature are based on species (IUCN, 2008). There are several strategies that are beneficial for species and human. One of several strategies is the Opportunities for Debt Investment in Environmental Conservation. By combining microfinance lending approaches with performance-based payments for conservation of environmental assets, long-term incentives for environmental conservation and sustainable economic development can be coupled. For example, migratory species like loggerhead and leatherback sea turtles suffer from a suite of human impacts, including harvest of eggs and adults on nesting beaches across many Pacific island nations and mortality from industrial fishing on the high seas. These species are at a cr itical point, it has been estimated that loggerhead turtles may be extinct in 50 years. Some governments have taken steps to minimize impacts on marine turtles by limiting coastal development and regulating fisheries, at some cost to the public and private sectors. Investment in endangered species recovery in low-income countries can deliver local benefits, such as increased opportunities for sustainable harvest, nature-based tourism or other non-turtle related economic activities, as well as monetary and non-monetary dividends back to governments .There are a number of potential advantages with using debt investment as a tool for environmental conservation. The program is aimed directly at improving livelihoods and lending can be targeted at reducing unsustainable resource use, an environmental mortgage program could directly address the alleviation of poverty. In some instances local people are as motivated, or even more motivated than conservationists to protect the animals in th eir homeland, especially when they represent a valuable resource for food or commerce. But for some communities, it comes down to protecting animals that are as much a part of a hostile environment as drought or fire (C. Josh Donlan). As with African villagers expected to protect an elephant herd that continually destroys their crops and leaves them hungry without a means of generating income. For example, when villagers living in or near a game reserve are told by authorities that they cant hunt an animal because it is endangered even as they are struggling with hunger. Although, the African elephants are protected by CITES (Kimbra C, 2010). Habitat change is another cause for animal endangerment. Without a large enough area to breed and hunt, animals have no way to survive. Climate changes also cause risks to animals. With the planets surface warming up, some animals are forced to move to other areas in order to find food and breed. From this problem, the US Fish and Wildlife Service have been promoting the use of habitat conservation plans which allow some loss of endangered species habitat in exchange for activities which minimize and mitigate for the loss. These plans have come under increasing criticism from environmentalists and conservation biologists who argue that the plans are contributing to the continued loss of endangered species habitat. The habitat conservation planning provisions were modeled on an effort to resolve a dispute over protection of habitat for two endangered butterflies on San Bruno Mountain in San Mateo County, CA. The San Bruno plan allowed for the loss of some butterfly habitat in exchange for the permanent protection and management of much of the habitat on the mountain for these species. This paper proposes that mitigation banking of endangered species habitat may provide a useful tool to resolve endangered species conflicts on private lands while concurrently advancing the recovery of endangered species. Mitigation banking would allow landowners seeking a permit to destroy endangered species habitat to mitigate the loss by buying mitigation credits from other private landowners who restore and or protect suitable habitat. Mitigation banking has the potential to increase mitigation alternatives for the regulated community while providing a needed economic incentive for other landowners to restore and protect important habitats. From an ecological perspective, mitigation banking could allow for the exchange of fragmented habitats with little long range viability for habitats that are strategically located and can contribute to species recovery (Robert B., 1999). Thi s is a strategy in US to preserve habitat for species conservation. Another exam is in the South East Asia. The strategy habitat conservation is under Mekong Wetlands Conservation and Sustainable Use Program, Floodplain and wetland areas which are flooded part of the year or which expand greatly in area during the flood season can produce much far more aquatic resources than permanent water bodies of the same size, such as lakes and reservoirs. In fact, according to Ringler and Xai (2006) natural wetlands are amongst the most productive ecosystems in existence and the benefits from wetland products are often considerably higher per unit area than from other land uses. The benefits in terms of the regional fishery and other aquatic resources have already been considered and identified as huge, but wetlands also provide a wide range of additional ecological goods and natural services as specified. These include physical benefits such as natural flood storage and flood attenuation, imp roved water quality through pollution control and waste dilution, habitat provision for resident and migratory species and the maintenance of important biochemical equilibrium. For these and other related reasons, the economic benefits generated by wetlands and the economic costs associated their degradation or loss are usually unknown and omitted in project and policy analysis. As a result, the potential of wetlands to be used as contributors to economic growth, income generating activities and as sources of goods and services has been underestimated in many parts of the world resulting in the loss of valuable species, services, and livelihoods. The strategy can help a diversity of wildlife habitats to be successfully developed on restored or constructed wetland sites because ecosystem function can be restored to degraded or impacted wetland areas. Restoration can rapidly establish a stable biological community, including invertebrates and soil microorganisms. A good cover of fast- growing annual, as well as perennial, vegetation can be established within the first year. Within three years, a wetland restoration effort can produce a diverse community of desired plants and animals. In addition, constructed wetlands can be very effective in improving water quality in downstream waters. Constructed wetlands are effective in removing or stabilizing sediments, metals, and organic contaminants. However, although constructed wetlands may function as sediment retention systems, excessive amounts of sediment can reduce function over time. In addition, contaminants immobilized in upstream sediments are not eliminated by downstream constructed wetlands. These contaminants remain in place unless they are removed using a separate remediation technology, such as phytoremediation or physical removal (Ken W.) However, the World Conservation Strategy was aimed at policy-makers, development practitioners and conservationists. It defined conservation in human terms as the management of human use of the biosphere so that it may yield the greatest sustainable benefit to present generations while maintaining its potential to meet the needs and aspirations of future generations. For development to be sustainable it must take account of the social and ecological factors as well as economic ones: of the living and non-living resource base and of the long-term as well as the short-term advantages and disadvantages of alternative actions(Seema P). The World Conservation Strategy (1980) is intended to stimulation more focused approach to the management of living resources and to provide policy guidance on how this can be carried out. The aim of the World Conservation Strategy is to achieve the three main objectives of living resource conservation: a. to maintain essential ecological processes and life-support systems (such as soil regeneration and protection, the recycling of nutrients and the cleansing of waters), on which human survival and development depend; b. to preserve genetic diversity (the range of genetic material found in the worlds organisms), on which depend the functioning of many of the above processes and life-support systems, the breeding programs necessary for the protection and improvement of cultivated plants, domesticated animals and microorganisms, as well as much scientific and medical advance, technical innovation, and the security of the many industries that use living resources. c. to ensure the sustainable utilization of species and ecosystems (notably fish and other wildlife, forests and grazing lands), which support millions of rural communities as well as major industries (world resource strategic). Although, the WCS emphasized the integration of environment and conservation values/concerns into the development process. In addition, caring for the earth: A Strategy for Sustainable Living elaborated the Brundtland theme, integrating environmental/conservation, social and economic imperatives and elaborating principles for their practical integration (Barry Dalal-Clayton, 2002). In the other hand the WCS The World Conservation Strategy was frequently criticised for being concerned mainly with ecological sustainability rather than sustainable development( Barbier, 1987). distinguishes two strands of debate at this time about economic development: one focusing on basic needs with emphasis on helping the poor; the other stressing that real development was impossible without consideration of the environment and without taking into account local social and cultural values and enabling stakeholder participation (Barry Dalal-Clayton, 2002). Even nowadays, it is understood that the conservation strategy is the foundation necessary to be indispensable, if mankind has to have the well-being and security forever. But while we are awarding of the importance and necessity of these biological resources, one of the things facing humanity across the world and is becoming increasingly serious is the loss of biodiversity. Especially in tropical regions which are rich source of this important natural resource. The conservation strategy should combine both biological and economical, as the Opportunities for Debt Investment in Environmental Conservation which bring debt and conservation turtle together. This way not only protect the species but also help the raise revenue in community where they protect the species for sustainable.

Discuss empirically validated therapy in which specific therapies are effective for the certain mental disorder

Empirically-validated therapies are forms of treatment that are strongly backed by scientific data obtained from various observations, studies, or experimentation. The hypothesis obtained is testable using experimentation or observations. An empirical result is obtained is an experimental observation (such as a clinical trial). Usually it has been seen that practitioners do not follow empirically-validated data and instead would go by their clinical experience.The clinical scientist on the other hand would be concentrating hugely on empirically-validated therapies. In the field of psychiatry, empirically-validated therapies play a very major role. In the last few years, the concentration of mental care has shifted hugely from well-established therapies which are routinely utilized to 'empirically-supported therapies'. It has not only proved to be effective in the treatment of various mental disorders, but has also reduced the costs and has proved to be very useful in managed care set tings.State, local and federal bodies that fund healthcare are now paying greater amount of importance to empirically-validated therapies. In future, the psychiatric practitioner would be concentrating to a very great extent on empirically-validated therapies. In case of medico-legal issues, a practitioner could be held liable for malpractice if he/she holds up an empirically-validated treatment and goes in for a standard treatment process that has been utilized since several years.Accreditations organizations could also be considering using the extent to which a hospital would be using empirically-validated treatment in the patients. The APA is also considering imposing stricter sanctions for not implementing empirically-validated treatment in mental healthcare (Guimon, 2007 & Levant, 2008). Use of Empirically-validated therapy in the treatment of Borderline Personality disorder –Antidepressants and psychotherapyOne of the classical examples of Empirically-supported treatmen t has been in the case of patients suffering from borderline personality disorders (BPD). Such a patient would be affected with several symptoms including impulsiveness, hostility, self-destructive behavior, anger outbursts, projective identification, poor interpersonal relationships, long-standing fears, intolerance, mood swings, suicidal behavior, presence of comorbid disorders, etc. Such an individual may give a history of child abuse, child neglect, presence of other psychological or neurological disorders, etc.The exact cause of the disorders is not known but several factors including biological factors, genetic factors, neurochemical factors, environmental factors, etc, would be playing a major role in the development of the disorder. Borderline personality disorder may be early response mechanisms to sexual and aggressive drives (Guimon, 2007). Traditionally, no specific treatment has been available as a cure for BPD, but only management of the symptoms. Psychotherapy along w ith short term administration of medications has been traditionally been utilized.The medications utilized can only treat the symptoms of anxiety, depression and aggressiveness and cannot be utilized to treat BPD per se. Non-clinical studies have demonstrated that SSRI antidepressants, narcoleptics and mood stabilizers can help only to a certain extent in the treatment of BPD. Hospitalization may be required to treat patients with the risk of suicide or causing danger to others. Some psychiatrists may feel that hospitalization of the patient is required only for medico-legal issues.However, empirically-performed data have shown that chronic suicidal thoughts may be an expression of depression and distress and can be effectively managed through ambulatory settings. Several antidepressants, whose effect on BPD was not known before, have proved to be beneficial through empirically-validated studies. Binks et al (2007) conducted a study to determine the efficacy of several agents utiliz ed in the treatment of BPD. He found that among the antidepressants – Fluoxetine was ideal in comparison to a placebo utilized in the treatment of depression.There were not much difference between MAOIs and placebos in the treatment of BPD, and between MAOIs and antipsychotics. Antipsychotics helped only to a certain extent to reduce some mental states (Binks, 2007, & Guimon, 2007). Perry et al (1999) had conducted a comprehensive study to determine the effectiveness of several psychotherapeutic approaches in the treatment of BPD. Some of them included Interpersonal therapy, CBT and supportive psychotherapy. All forms of psychotherapy seemed to be effective in the treatment of BPD, with about one-fourth of the patients recovering every year.This rate was seven times higher than anticipated. During the early phases of treatment, psychodynamic therapy seemed to be effective, helping to build good alliances with the patient. Group therapy is today being effective in outpatient s ettings. In cognitive behavior therapy, greater emphasis is laid upon the application of one’s skill and knowledge in more fruitful outcomes. Psychoanalytical approaches are increasing being utilized to improve the strength of the ego and to experience reality more appropriately.DBT (through a Cochrane review conducted in 2007 – CA Binks et al), had been compared with other forms of treatment. Not many differences were found between DBT and other forms of treatment, but there was a reduction in parasuicidal behaviors and the general psychiatric severity. Hence today, Evidence-based drug or psychotherapeutic approaches seem to be efficient and safe in people suffering from BPD. More studies in the field of BPD need to be conducted to determine the presence of more effective and safer treatment modes (Binks, 2007, Perry, 1999 & Guimon, 2007).Use of Empirically-validated therapy in the treatment of Depression – Psychotherapy (A comparison between the traditionally utilized drugs and empirically-validated psychotherapy) Another field in which a lot of evidenced-based studies are being conducted is in the field of depression. This is soon going to be considered the second most commonest of debility and distress across the globe. In the US, more than 50 billion dollars is being spent annually in the diagnosis and treatment of depression. The loss in terms of inability to function appropriately at the workplace is much higher.Many cases of depression go untreated in the US. In the past, antidepressants have been utilized as the standard in the treatment across the US. Physicians, hospitals and insurance agencies in the US stress on the use of antidepressants in the treatment of depression. However, research today has demonstrated that there are much more effective and safer alternative treatments for depression. Drugs may be useful, but cannot be considered as the only treatment for the condition. Empirically-validated therapies can be considered as conventional, supplemental as well as alternative forms of treatments in the management of depression.Empirically-validated treatments to be utilized in the treatment of depression may be costly in the short-run, but beneficial in the long-run as they aim to relieve the symptoms and not change the character of the patient. As they would be utilized for short periods of time, the patient is encouraged to make modifications in the lifestyle. One of the important treatment modalities in the management of depression has been psychotherapy. Several modes under psychotherapy such as cognitive therapy, interpersonal therapy, behavioral therapy, etc, seem to be more effective in the treatment of depression compared to before.They have several advantages when compared to drugs. Antidepressants tend to relieve the motor symptoms of depression before the mood, whereas psychotherapy tends to improve mood before the motor symptoms. Through psychotherapy several issues such as difficulties at the workplace or home, problematic interpersonal relationships, social withdrawals, etc, can be more effectively managed compared to drugs which tend to reduce some of the physical and neurovegetative symptoms. Traumatic life events that are the root cause of depression can be more effectively managed through psychotherapy rather than medications.Psychotherapy is not only needed in the acute stages of depression, but also in the long-term, as a maintenance therapy. Cases of relapse and recurrences are found to be lower when psychotherapy has been administered. Studies have also demonstrated that combination therapy (short-term administration of medication along with long-term psychotherapy) has been very effective in the treatment of depression. Studies have shown that psychotherapy when administered alone or in combination with medication is more affective than when medication is being administered alone.Several depressive symptoms, absenteeism and disability in functioning are si gnificantly relieved following psychotherapy. Psychotherapy would help to correct the root causes of depression such as stressful work atmospheres, traumatic interpersonal relationships, fears, etc. Today, empirically-validated forms of psychotherapy can be utilized to a greater extent if they are given a go-ahead by the insurance companies and employers. In the past, these forms of treatment have been considered to be ineffective and costly.Studies have even demonstrated that patients, who suffer from depression under low lights, could benefit from phototherapy. Only some patients in the experimental group have benefitted from this treatment. Current studies have demonstrated that transcranial magnetic stimulation could be utilized as an effective alternative to ECT. But today, through evidenced-based studies more and more benefits of psychotherapy are being understood (Vaisle, 2001, Moore, 2004 & Markowitz, 2008). Use of Empirically-validated therapy in the treatment of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder –Clomipramine and SSRI’s antidepressantsObsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder in which obsessions (persistent thought and ideas) and compulsions (strange and repetitive behavior) develop. Earlier it was thought that the disorder had a very poor outcome as there was a lack of studies conducted in this area. However, today a lot of experimentations have been conducted with psychotherapy and medications utilized to treat the disorder. About one-third to half the number of patients affected with the disorder are children.The outcome of OCD is especially poor if found in association with a personality disorder. However, compared to other psychiatric disorders, the response of OCD is low to both medications and psychotherapy. Several antidepressant substances seem to be effective in treating the symptoms of OCD. One of them is Clomipramine which has through a European study found to lower obsessions. In another study, several symptoms such as anxiety, social isolation, depression, etc, were reduced when clomipramine was combined with psychotherapy.Lower doses of clomipramine were useful in treating the obsessions, but the ritualistic continued to be present. Several studies have shown that clomipramine as very useful in OCD. In another study, SSRI’s were found to be very useful in treating OCD in children. However, these drugs need to be administered in higher doses. In adults, SSRI’s seem to be not very effective in treating OCD. Overall very few drugs have been tested in the past for the treatment of OCD, and this has to change in the future (Herbert, 2001 & Goetz, 2007). Conclusion and Personal OpinionToday, practitioners should get more and more into following the empirically-validated forms of treatment in another disease, rather than the traditional model. In the past, doctors were only going by experience of what drug or therapy would be ideal to treat a particular condition. Standard forms of treatment may seem to be safe but outdated, and the patient would not be gaining the benefits of updated research work conducted in the medical field. However, today medicine is fast-paced and newer and more and more advanced forms of treatment is coming out, that also seems to be very much effective than the drugs compared to yesterday.If the practitioners use the traditional model in treating the patients, then the treatment is not going to be effective and safe. Hence, it would be ideal for the psychiatrist to use the evidenced-based findings in their practice. Through several clinical trials conducted on certain mental disorders including BPD, depression and OCD, it has been found that certain pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions have proved to be very effective. Further trials are required to help ensure that more effective and safer therapies are understood and made available to the patients.If the clinical scientists are unable to find efficient use of a par ticular drug or psychotherapy method on the patient, it does not mean that it is ineffective for use, but rhater means further structured trials need to be conducted which would help to understand the drug better. Evidence-based and ‘empirically-validated’ are new movements that have arisen in the medical and psychiatric world today. These movements have also considered ethical, legal, moral and social implications.